![]() COVID-19 –associated Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Microhemorrhages. Radmanesh A, Derman A, Lui YW, Raz E, Loh JP, Hagiwara M, Borja MJ, Zan E, Fatterpekar GM. Critical Illness-Associated Cerebral Microbleeds. Fanout EM, Coutinho JM, Shannon P, et al. (2018) Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Review of clinico-radiological features and mimics. Sharma R, Dearaugo S, Infeld B, O'Sullivan R, Gerraty RP. Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging. Cerebral microbleeds after use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children. Liebeskind DS, Sanossian N, Sapo ML, Saver JL. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. Cerebral air emboli on T2-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging. COL4A1 Mutations as a Monogenic Cause of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Susceptibility-weighted imaging of cerebral fat embolism. Multiple septic brain emboli in infectious endocarditis. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)) 8 Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy 1,8 Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFHA) 1,8 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) 8 Pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy (PADMAL) 27,28 Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome 22,23 Many causes including: intravenous catheter placement, decompression sickness, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hydrogen peroxide ingestion, etc. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) 32 acute respiratory distress syndrome, high-altitude exposure, COVID-19) 8-10 Hypoxia and/or being critically ill (e.g. ![]() Microhemorrhages have been reported in up to 53% of cases, characteristically in the centrum semiovale, deep gray matter, or brainstem 5,8Įspecially melanoma or renal cell carcinoma Microhemorrhages usually located at the corticomedullary junction Microhemorrhages have been reported to occur in 25–70% of cases without a characteristic distributionĬerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) 20,21Ĭerebral vasculitis (primary or secondary) 1,8 Typically involves the grey-white matter junction, splenium of the corpus callosum, and dorsolateral brainstemĪcute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) 8Īmyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA-H) 16Ĭathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL) 29,30Ĭerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) 1,8 Typically involve the basal ganglia, thalami, brainstem, cerebellum and corona radiataĭiffuse axonal injury (DAI) and other trauma 1,8 Typically involves the grey-white matter junction usually spares the basal ganglia Especially Zabramski classification type IV malformationsĬauses include multiple (familial) cavernous malformation syndrome and post-cerebral radiotherapy ![]()
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